Equations

SV = Stroke Volume
- Volume of blood ejected to each great artery = ~70 mL
EDV = End Diastolic Volume
- Volume of blood in ventricles prior to ejection of blood = ~120 mL
EF = Ejection Fraction
- Percentage of blood ejected from each ventricle = 55% to 70%

E F = \frac{S V}{E D V} * 100 %

ESV = End Systolic Volume
- Volume of blood in the ventricles after the stroke volume is ejected

\begin{matrix} E S V = E D V - S V \\ S V = E D V - E S V \\ E D V = S V + E S V \end{matrix}

HR = Heart Rate = beats / minute
CO = Cardiac Output
- volume of blood pumped by either the left or right ventricle per minute = ( 70 mL / min ) * ( 70 beats / min )

C O = S V * H R

Poiseuille's Law
- Rate of blood flow in a blood vessel can be described by the following equations :
  $Resistance (R) = \frac{8 * v * l}{π * r^{4}}$
  - where :
    - $r$ = radius of blood vessel
    - $v$ = viscosity of blood vessel
    - $l$ = length of blood vessel
  - Resistance can be simplified to just :
  $R = \frac{v}{r^{4}}$
  
  $Flow = \frac{P_{1} - P_{2}}{R}$
  - where :
    - $P_1$ = pressure at point 1 = upstream
    - $P_2$ = pressure at point 2 = downstream
    - $R$ = resistance to flow
  - Therefore :

Flow = \frac{P_{1} - P_{2}}{\frac{8 * v * l}{π * r^{4}}} = \frac{(P_{1} - P_{2}) * π * r^{4}}{8 * v * l} = \frac{(P_{1} - P_{2}) * r^{4}}{v}

MAP = Mean Arterial Pressure
- Average blood pressure in the arterial circulation
- $1/3$ $2/3$ of the time in diastole
$M A P = (1 / 3 * (systolic pressure)) + (2 / 3 * ( diastolic pressure ))$
- Can also be calculated using cardiac output , and total peripheral resistance :
$M A P = ( Cardiac Output ) * ( Total Peripheral Resistance )$
$M A P = (Stroke Volume * Heart Rate) * ( Total Peripheral Resistance )$
$M A P = ((E D V - E S V) * \frac{Beats}{minute}) * ( Total Peripheral Resistance )$