Introduction
The heart is part of the
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( along with blood vessels and blood )
The cardiovascular system transports nutrients , waste products , gases , and hormones around the body
The heart pumps blood into two circulations : pulmonary and systemic
Pulmonary Circulation :
Blood that is sent to the
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Systemic Circulation :
All the blood carried to everywhere else in the body
Histology Review
Cardiac muscle cells
short and branched , striated , involuntary
Cells are joined by
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contain
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Anatomy of the Heart
The heart is surrounded by a double layered sac called the pericardium
Anchors and protects the heart
Composed of the fibrous and serous pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium :
outer layer
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of pericardium ( composed of connective tissue )
Serous Pericardium :
inner layer
consists of the parietal and visceral pericardium
parietal pericardium :
doesn't directly touch heart , but provides a "wall"
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pericardium
visceral pericardium ( epicardium ) :
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of the heart
pericardial cavity :
fluid filled space located between
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and
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layers of the serous pericardium
fluid is there to reduce friction
The wall of the heart is composed of three layers of tissue :
the epicardium , myocardium , and endocardium
Epicardium :
also called the
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Myocardium :
composed of
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Endocardium :
composed of epithelial tissue and connective tissue
lines the
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of the heart
Chambers and Associated Vessels of the Heart
the heart is divided into four compartments called chambers
the two superior chambers are the
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( right and left )
the two inferior chambers are the
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( right and left )
Atria :
Right Atrium :
receives
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( DO
2
) blood from the three blood vessels
superior vena cava , inferior vena cava , and coronary sinus
Superior Vena Cava :
DO
2
blood from above diaphragm
Inferior Vena Cava :
DO
2
blood from below diaphragm
Coronary Sinus :
DO
2
blood from the
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( myocardium )
the right atrium pumps DO
2
blood into the
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Left Atrium :
receives oxygenated ( O
2
) blood from the lungs by the way of the pulmonary veins
the left atrium pumps O
2
into the left ventricle
The Ventricles :
Right Ventricle :
receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium
pumps DO
2
blood into the pulmonary trunk
pulmonary trunk divides into the left and right pulmonary arteries
carry DO
2
blood into the lungs to get O
2
Left Ventricle :
receives oxygenated blood from left atrium
pumps O
2
blood to the rest of the body by way of the aorta
many arteries arise form the aorta
the left ventricle is much thicker than the right ventricle ( wall )
has to pump blood to entire body , therefore has to work harder , therefore more muscle
right only has to pump to the head
Valves of the Heart
valves prevent backflow of blood in the heart
the heart contains
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valves and
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valves
Atrioventricular ( AV ) Valves :
located between the atria and ventricles
the
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AV valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
also called the
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valve
cusps = flaps
the
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AV valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle
also called the
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or mitral valve
When the ventricles contract , the pressure of the blood forces the right and left AV valves shut
Chordae Tendineae :
attached to
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located on the inner surface of ventricles
prevent the valves from swinging back into the atria
Semilunar Valves :
do NOT have chordae tendinae or papillary muscles
prevent back flow of blood into the heart
the
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is located between the pulmonary trunk and right ventricle
the
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is located between the aorta and left ventricle
Major Cardiac Veins
receive DO
2
blood from the myocardium of the heart and empty the blood into the right atrium by way of the coronary sinus
Great Cardiac Vein :
runs with
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➡️ coronary sinus ➡️ right atrium
Middle Cardiac Vein :
runs with
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➡️ coronary sinus ➡️ right atrium
Small Cardiac Vein :
runs with
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➡️ coronary sinus ➡️ right atrium