Introduction

• blood is classified as a ?
• like all connective tissues , blood is composed of ?
  • ( liquid , clotting fibers , plasma )

Functions of Blood

• the FuNcTIONS OF blOod WiLL bE cOVERed WITH Dr. Ritucci
• transportation

Blood Composition

• composed of two portions : blood plasma and formed elements ( mostly cells )

• Blood Plasma :

  • ? of the blood
  • most of the plasma is ? ( 91% )
    • the rest ( 9% ) is mainly proteins
  • We have around 5-6 liters of blood
    • 3 liters of plasma
    • 2-3 liters of blood
  • examples of plasma proteins include albumin , globulins , and fibrinogen
    • albumin :
      • ? plasma protein
      • produced in the liver
      • plays an important role in the regulation of water movement between tissues and blood
      • increases colloid osmotic pressure
      • pulls water back into the blood vessels
    • globulins :
      • some globulins are part of the immune system
        • example = ?
          • B-cells synthesize antibodies
      • other globulins function as transport molecules
        • example = ?
      • globulins are necessary to transport non-polar lipids
    • fibrinogen :
      • involved in the formation of ?
• Formed Elements :
  • composed of erythrocytes , leukocytes , and platelets
  • Erythrocytes :
    • red blood cells ( RBCs )
    • majority of formed elements
    • RBC's lack a ? and are ? in shape
    • contain the oxygen carrying protein called ?
    • the percentage of red blood cells in blood is known as the ? ( Hct )
    • a Hct of 40 means that 40% of the blood volume is RBC's
    • normal Hct levels :
      • males = 40 - 50 %
      • females = 35 - 45 %
    • the Hct can be used to diagnose the blood disorders :
      • ? ( low Hct )
      • ? ( high Hct )
        • blood is thicker
  • Leukocytes :
    • white blood cells ( WBCs )
    • less than ? of the total blood volume
    • have a nucleus and do not contain hemoglobin
    • leukocytes are grouped into two major categories
      • 5 different kinds total
    • Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
      • granulocytes contain large cytoplasmic granules and lobed nuclei
        • the three types of granulocytes are neutrophils , eosinophils , and basophils
        • Neutrophils :
          • ? leukocytes
          • appearance :
            • pinkish granules ,
            • nucleus = ?
            • more mature = more lobes = more surface area
          • function :
            • phagocytes = ?
            • 1st responders to wound site
            • kill bacteria then die
            • dead neutrophils + dead bacteria = "puss"
        • Eosinophils :
          • appearance :
            • bright red granules
            • nucleus = ?
          • function :
            • attack ?
        • Basophils :
          • least common
          • appearance :
            • nucleus = S-shaped
            • large , purple granules
          • function :
            • release ?
              • inflammatory chemical ( allergies , wounds )
    • Agranulocytes contain very small granules that cannot be seen with a light microscope
      • The two types of agranulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes
        • Lymphocytes :
          • appearance :
            • ? of the WBCs
            • around the same size as RBC
            • nucleus occupies most of the cell
            • this blue rim of ? around nucleus
              • sometimes crescent moon shape
          • function :
            • immune functions
        • Monocytes :
          • appearance :
            • ? of the leukocytes
            • pale-blue cytoplasm
            • large ? or ? shaped nuclei
          • function :
            • clean up
            • become macrophages
          • as they leave the blood stream , their name changes to macrophage
            • type of phagocyte
  • Platelets :
    • no nucleus
    • also called thrombocytes
    • they are ? cells
      • fragment of a cell , made in bone marrow
    • seal small tears in blood vessels and release chemicals that promote ?
    • very small