Introduction

• The endocrine system is composed of endocrine glands
  • endocrine glands are distributed all over the body and secrete chemical messengers called ? into the blood
    • hormones travel throughout the body and will only have an effect on the cells that contain receptors that recognize the hormones

Endocrine Glands

• The major endocrine glands and the hormones that are released by these glands are listed below
• Hypothalamus :
  • part of the diencephalon
  • hormones include :
    • releasing hormones
    • inhibiting hormones
    • oxytocin
    • antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) ... also called vasopressin
      • stored in the posterior pituitary gland
• Pituitary Gland ( hypophysis ) :
  • the pituitary gland is located within the ? of the sphenoid bone
  • attached to the hypothalamus by way of the ?
  • Composed of anterior and posterior pituitary
    • Anterior Pituitary :
      • hormones include ( FLAT PIG ) :
        • Follicle Stimulating Hormone ( FSH )
        • Luteinizing Hormone ( LH )
        • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ( ACTH )
        • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ( TSH )
        • Prolactin
        • Growth Hormone ( GH )
    • Posterior Pituitary :
      • does NOT produce / synthesize any hormones ...
        • but DOES store and release the following hormones that are produced in the hypothalamus
          • ?
          • antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) ... also called ?
• Thyroid Gland :
  • located in the neck on the anterior and lateral sides of the trachea
  • hormones include :
    • triiodothyronine ( T₃ )
    • thyroxine ( T₄ )
    • calcitonin
• Parathyroid Glands :
  • located on the posterior part of the thyroid gland
  • hormone produced = ? ( PTH )
• Adrenal Glands ( suprarenal glands ) :
  • located on the top of each kidney
  • composed of an inner medulla and outer cortex
  • adrenal cortex hormones include :
    • aldosterone
    • cortisol
    • androgens
  • adrenal medulla hormones include :
    • ? ( formally known as adrenaline )
    • ? ( formally known as noradrenaline )
• Pancreas :
  • exocrine and an endocrine organ
  • located posterior to the stomach
  • hormones include :
    • insulin
    • glucagon
    • somatostatin
• Pineal Gland :
  • located in the epithalamus of the brain
  • hormone produced = ?